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Intestinal Obstruction-Exploratory Laparotomy
Intestinal Obstruction-Exploratory Laparotomy Blockage that prevents the normal flow of digested food, fluids, and gas through the intestines. It can occur in the small intestine (small bowel obstruction) or the large intestine (colonic obstruction). Intestinal obstructions can be partial or complete and may be caused by various factors.
Common causes of intestinal obstruction include:
- Adhesions: Scar tissue that forms after abdominal surgery or inflammation (such as from conditions like appendicitis or diverticulitis) can cause the intestines to become twisted or adhere to one another, leading to a blockage.
- Hernias: A portion of the intestine can protrude through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, leading to an obstruction if the hernia becomes trapped or incarcerated.
- Tumors: Cancerous or non-cancerous growths within the intestines or nearby organs can obstruct the flow of contents through the bowel.
- Intussusception: This occurs when one portion of the intestine slides into the adjacent section, like a telescope, causing an obstruction.
- Volvulus: Twisting or rotating of the intestine can lead to an obstruction. This can occur in the small intestine (small bowel volvulus) or the large intestine (sigmoid volvulus, cecal volvulus).
Symptoms:
- Abdominal pain or cramping, which can be severe and intermittent
- Abdominal distension or bloating
- Nausea and vomiting, sometimes with bile or fecal content
- Inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement
- Loss of appetite
- Constipation or diarrhea, depending on the location of the obstruction
- Abdominal tenderness or a palpable mass in the abdomen in some cases
Intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency that requires prompt evaluation and treatment. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as bowel perforation, infection, or tissue death.
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